Virginia Woolf and The Wage Between Men and Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 830 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Virginia Woolf Essay Did you like this example? Jerusalen OlivarezMs. RohdeAP LanguageApril 10 2018Virginia Woolf and The Battle for the Wage Gap Between Men and WomenIn 1998 a young woman by the name of Kerri Sleeman was hired by a company with the statement The offer is what it is. There was no negotiation about the position or the pay. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Virginia Woolf and The Wage Between Men and Women" essay for you Create order The opportunity was one in a thousand especially for her as a woman. After five years of progression in the company, the company filed a bankruptcy and Sleeman discovered an injustice. People who she had supervised, mostly young man, where being paid more than her. Stories such as this reflect an age old problem that has haunted and still haunts society today. The wage gap is usually defined as the difference is earnings typically between men and women usually for the same work or job. In the United States alone women who work full time and have a yearly job, make 80 cents for every dollar that their male counterpart makes (The Wage Gap: The Who, How, Why, and What To Do. ). Likewise, many countries around the world have the similar problem where women make less than men. The famous English writer, Virginia Woolf was one of the most influential women of the twentieth century that put forth modern enlightenment ideas that advocated for equality and the advancement of women in society.Although Woolf would have been proud of how much society has advanced so far today, she would have agreed with the idea that the wage gap between men and women in society is currently not being solved in the most effective and most powerful way. Virginia Woolf would have viewed issues like the wage gap between men and women extremely absurd, unfair, and in the need of a resolution. There is an effective way to destroying the wage gap. By raising the federal minimum wage, by aiding women who are on family leave, and by making more individuals aware of the unfair wage gap, the wage gap between men and women can be resolved and eventually completely and utterly destroyed. Altho ugh the minimum wage has benefited many people, it still has a negative effect on women in society. By raising the federal minimum wage, the wage gap would disappear. As of July, 2009, the current minimum wage was of seven dollars and twenty five cents. The impact of the minimum wage has been frivolous amongst the female community. In the workforce, women are more highly concentrated in low-wage sectors such as personal care and healthcare support occupations (Allegretto 2014). This means that typically women are making about $7.25 and less than $15.00. It should also be noted that women are vastly working in jobs such as, cashier jobs, waitress jobs, and healthcare jobs. If its already economically impactful on a single person, how much more damaging is it for a single mother or a woman with deteriorated health. According to the National Womens law center, states with the smallest wage gap, consistently displayed a higher minimum wage. As it is conveyed, women are affected by the minimum wage, which heavily determines the wideness of the gap between man and women. If more of this could be seen in the United States and throughout the world, there would not be such conflict over the existence of the atrocious wage gap. For all these reasons it would be beneficial to increase the minimum wage. This would not only greatly benefit women Globally, it would also decrease and offer a bigger step toward the complete disappearance of the absurd wage gap which affects the life of many women that could be making a bigger impact in society or that simply need the way to properly sustain a family without the excessive worry.Nevertheless, the nineteenth century feminist virginia Woolf who was a great advocate for women, would have viewed and understood the need for the raise of the current minimum wage as imperative to the eventual concealment of the wage gap. In Virginia Woolfs famous book which is a compilation of a series of lectures for the benefit of women, she states, A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction(Woolf). As it is conveyed by this quote, Virginia Woolf believes that women are continuously denied the time, space and money that are needed to write and create new and creative work. Unlike men, who have the great freedom of running society, women are not as greatly supported because they are viewed as frivolous and weak. Although Woolf speaks about fiction, she would have agreed that during this time this same concept would apply to the wage gap and the necessity of increasing the minimum wage. She would have agreed that women in society today, need a boost in their pay especially because women are more readily concentrated in more low- wage jobs, because of the influence of men in this world. Woolf would have viewed this as absurd and in the need of a rapid resolution.

5 Essay Paragraph Samples to Help You Write Your Essay

<h1>5 Essay Paragraph Samples to Help You Write Your Essay</h1><p>If you are required to compose an article, it is fundamental that you comprehend what's in store from a section exposition test. To abstain from writing in a rush, the best practice is to start considering your example straight away, and get some work on recording the unfinished version. The additional time you spend learning the fundamental of exposition composing, the more ready you will be the point at which the opportunity arrives to compose your first piece.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous instances of paper section tests on the web, however a quest for them on the Internet regularly brings about a great deal of garbage. With the fame of composing sites and online journals, the vast majority of these sites offer this sort of material for nothing out of pocket. It is very simple to lose all sense of direction in the ocean of data gave by such huge numbers of various writers .</p><p></p><p>In request to maintain a strategic distance from this, you should ensure that the site you are utilizing has been endorsed by the web crawlers. While you can get a great deal of data from a free site, a large portion of the examples offered by paid destinations contain blunders and wrong data. For a certain something, paid locales for the most part include a few examples, however when you look for a passage exposition test, you may get just a solitary example.</p><p></p><p>Some of the best paper passage tests will be masterminded in areas. For instance, the example might be partitioned into two sections, or three, etc. A genuine model will incorporate the entirety of the primary concerns, however will likewise incorporate a presentation, and the conclusion.</p><p></p><p>Some test passages will likewise be masterminded arranged by the subject. For instance, an example could be orchestrated by the s ort of exposition being composed, for example, a paper on English Literature, a paper on History, article on Science, etc.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes, the example will be isolated into short articles, for example, a conclusion section. This is a decent alternative on the off chance that you are lacking in thoughts, or on the off chance that you would prefer to concentrate on one part of the article as opposed to attempting to give it an assortment of opinions.</p><p></p><p>It is essential to figure out how to utilize the accessible instruments that are furnished to assist you with section exposition composing. The most significant instrument is a spell checker. You can utilize this instrument on most any site, which implies that you will wind up checking it frequently and in any event, composing and altering your own articles utilizing it.</p><p></p><p>Your last tip for composing expositions is to guarantee that you utilize the greatest number of sentence structure and spelling rules, and that you truly know the principles all around. When you comprehend the basics of composing, you will have a superior possibility of accomplishment, as you won't be in the situation of reviewing words you didn't utilize, or incorrectly spell words that were utilized incorrectly.</p>

Up in Arms About Common Application Essay Samples 2017?

<h1> Up in Arms About Common Application Essay Samples 2017? </h1> <p>Since you are keen on getting the exposition to impart the absolute best data about you, you need to do careful groundwork for the example school confirmation papers to achieve its motivations. Our affirmation paper models can demonstrate that we're here so as to give basically the perfect help to guarantee you which you present an application article which you can be sure about. Moreover, supplemental articles will be included as they're discharged. You're composing a school application paper, and you need to think about your crowd. </p> <p>Bridget's article is very solid, yet there keep on being a couple easily overlooked details that could be improved. Stephen's paper is very powerful. Offer a paper regarding any matter of your pick. When composing this exposition, pick a subject of intrigue. </p> <p>Just be sure to have exhibited understanding. No brief is innately unrivaled than each other. While the Fall 2018 application won't be live until August 2017, we trust you will have the chance to consider your reactions. The methodology for your experience is fundamental. </p> <p>In truth, it may be the polar opposite. Think past the crate as you answer the following inquiries. Remember that the Common App offers you artistic freedom. Note you don't have to have illuminated the issue, and a couple of the best articles will investigate issues which should be comprehended later on. </p> <p>For additional data on IvyWise's school directing administrations any place you're in the m ethodology reach us today. Hence, the paper should harmonize with the candidate's characteristics and interests with the goal for it to help the likelihood of confirmation. For other people, it sets aside substantially more effort to settle on a decision. An affirmations official is essentially bound to attempt to recall a candidate who has a significant explicit exposition written in an extraordinary and peculiar manner. </p> <h2>The Ultimate Common Application Essay Samples 2017 Trick </h2> <p>While being able to expound on whatever you wish sounds extraordinary in principle, a few understudies findespecially toward the beginning of the conceptualizing processthat they are crippled by your preferred subject alternative as it offers an over the top measure of choice. Since everyone has a story to tell. There is certainly not a brief to guide you, and that implies you should ask yourself the inquiries that will get at the focal point of the story that you nee d to tell. There are only two or three issues that I might want to alert understudies and guardians about. </p> <p>Your ability to be definite is crucial for keeping the term check low. On the other side, in the event that you settled on an extraordinary decision, center around what impacted you to settle on that choice and the manner in which it has transformed you. The brief proposes you to pick in your past something that in 1 way or another advanced you in your bearer or private turn of events. Begin with clarifying the second's centrality and your inclination to encounter that, at that point depict your very own association with it. </p> <h2> Using Common Application Essay Samples 2017</h2> <p>Even a regular issue with noteworthiness to you can be transformed into a significant article. Presently it isn't pretty much disappointment as such. For this inquiry, don't be terrified to consider past the container. </p> <h2> The Importan ce of Common Application Essay Samples 2017</h2> <p>My reason for existing is to assist you with finding YOUR story. It's valuable to dismantle writing to have the option to see only the way that it achieves its goals. The world is brimming with enormous numbers. As an outcome, going through cash to deal with your papers could be testing. </p> <h2> New Ideas Into Common Application Essay Samples 2017 Never Before Revealed </h2> <p>Regardless of what theme you select, permit some time for additional altering. Different things to different people, since the circumstance requested. At last, the detail of genuine discourse makes the scene pop. Every reaction will be restricted to 200-250 words.</p> <h2> Common Application Essay Samples 2017 Options </h2> <p>So remember that the enormous schools regularly present in light of the fact that numerous difficulties in their applications since they do in their classes! As of now, you' re applying to Babson College. Schools need to discover a sentiment of development and introspectionpinpoint the change and exhibit your private development. They are bound to concede understudies who can express explicit reasons why the school is a solid match for them past its notoriety or positioning on any rundown. </p> <h2>The Argument About Common Application Essay Samples 2017 </h2> <p>Finding out how to cut your own meat may have been an immense arrangement at that point yet it doesn't cut it like an article theme. Clarify your idea processlet the peruser in your psyche to decide how you tick. Disclose to us a point which you've changed your head on over the most recent three years. Be sure to interface the criticalness of the movement to a particular encounter or story to give the paper bearing. </p> <p>In the second region of the program, the school supplement, you are going to address additional inquiries picked by every particular scho ol. It's vastly improved to apply to a littler measure of schools that are phenomenal fits for you, even should they have lengthier applications, than to apply to a high number of schools with short applications which don't accommodate your prerequisites. More much of the time than not, cutoff times for submitting applications are quite often short which makes numerous potential candidates stress they won't can present their example exposition for MBA application promptly. You may even be in a situation to peruse models from past understudies to get your imaginative energies pumping. </p> <h2>Where to Find Common Application Essay Samples 2017 </h2> <p>Ensure you give away from of the things on your rundown as well. In the absolute initial segment the important Common App area, for instance you'll give the data that all schools need to comprehend about you, from contact data to GPA to segment points of interest. When you've finished the chief area of the Comm on App for a solitary school, adding another Common App school to your rundown is significantly simpler than presenting an absolutely new application. See the Help Section for more info.</p>

Research Paper Topics About Students

<h1>Research Paper Topics About Students</h1><p>If you are searching for look into paper subjects about understudies, it is significant that you pick them astutely. Along these lines, you will have the option to decide whether you are truly managing understudies or on the off chance that you are simply managing a scholarly paper. A portion of the subjects to look over incorporate a school, school decision, school overseers, school spending plans, tuition based schools, and the previously mentioned factors.</p><p></p><p>School, Student Choice, Budget, Private Schools, and School Administrators - You have to recognize what is the correct focal point of the paper. For instance, in the event that you need to find out about understudy decisions, at that point you can pick one theme, for example, understudy confirmations and affirmation approaches. Then again, in the event that you need to find out about school approaches, at that point it would be a smart thought to go for subjects, for example, school availability or how to make school more fun.</p><p></p><p>Again, you have to choose whether you are managing understudies or with a scholastic paper. At the end of the day, in the event that you will compose an article for school and the points on the paper center more around the scholastics, you will have the option to compose an increasingly genuine and center paper. On the off chance that you need to compose an individual article, you should pick the correct point also, as this will be more relevant.</p><p></p><p>School Budget, Private Schools, or more All - This theme is to analyze what is the school spending plan. Schools are generally run by the administration and they have to spending plan their assets admirably to guarantee that their schools won't be influenced by terrible monetary administration. Along these lines, it is urgent that you can analyze all parts of the scho ol financial plan, as this will assist you with deciding if the school is running adequately or not.</p><p></p><p>School Administrators - The issue here is a general one, as executives in a school have a great deal of duties, for example, how a school works. For this, you can pick one point like how a school head associates with guardians or how a school organization attempts to consider the present condition of the school.</p><p></p><p>Private Schools - This will manage non-public schools and their activity. You will have the option to decide if non-public schools work as they ought to or are they functioning as they should. Obviously, you will likewise have the option to consider the reasons why tuition based schools run as they ought to be run.</p><p></p><p>Above-All - This will be your last advance which will give you the result of your examination paper subjects about understudies. Here, you will have the o ption to perceive how you can improve the general execution of the school. You can incorporate subjects like how schools should deal with affirmations, how school organizations ought to speak with guardians, thus on.</p><p></p><p>So, presently you realize what the correct research paper themes are. Simply make sure to concentrate on what is extremely significant: your understudy's interests!</p>

What to Look For When Looking For Essay Task One Samples

What to Look For When Looking For Essay Task One SamplesEssay task one samples are just the things that you will find online. The thing is though, not all of them can be used in different situations. Here is how to tell which ones are good.One of the first things you need to do is figure out the subject areas for which you want to write your essays. For instance, if you are in school, then your essay will be all about your life as a student. You need to make sure though that it is all focused on the subject matter. With that in mind, here are some of the essay task one samples you will find online.The first thing you need to think about is what type of essay you want to write about. This will depend on whether you want to write about a certain event or just about a specific subject matter. Even if you do not know what topic you want to write about, you will still find some essay task one samples that will be suited for whatever topic you want to write about.Some examples of topics in clude having a portrait done of a particular person or something that happened when you were younger. By the way, you will also find some samples for general subjects such as the weather and fashion trends. You can go through the site and see for yourself how each one is put together.Another important question you will need to ask yourself before you start working on your essay is the length you want to write it at. This depends on what you need. For instance, if you are just trying to catch your reader's attention, then a short one will work for you. If you need a longer one, you will have to figure out the length.In order to be able to come up with different topic options for your essay, you will need to pay attention to the format. Just like when you are writing a report, you will need to work with the format so that you can come up with topics that will not be too difficult to read. So, go through the essay task one samples and make sure you are following the format so that you can achieve the best essay possible.The last thing you need to consider when it comes to essay task one samples is where you will be doing the research. You will find some sites that offer opinions on various topics. This may be a good idea for you because this way, you will be able to come up with a topic that will not be too hard to write about.These are just some of the common topic ideas that you will find on the internet. Try to find out more if you would like to get an idea on what types of topics are out there. The best essay task one samples are the ones that you actually put your opinion into them.

Sexism in the Media Essay - 1054 Words

One thousand years go by and an abundant amount of people still view women in a stereotypical type of way. On the opposing view, if women did not overstretch the slightest of things, this wouldn’t be such an enormous issue. Women may be overreacting to what the media has to say about them. It is not affecting everybody but a vast majority of successful women from continuing to moving forward said Marianne Schnall. Important to realize, women are capable of doing jobs men can do. Such jobs as being an engineer, physician, mechanic, lawyer and even top notch business women! Up to the present time there is an ongoing public debate on women suffering from double standards. If it makes a female feel threatened or belittled than it may be†¦show more content†¦She begins a rant and hopes for her people to finish it for her. This article was ineffective because she flew through so many topics without elaboration. All things considered in this article, influencing people was n ot the prime concern. The prime concern was Marianne getting recognition and revealing to the word she knows important people. Take into consideration Marianne Schnall is an optimistic influential person. She is a well-known writer, author and interviewer and has worked with a variety of media outlets. I have taken my time to skim through some of her work which some are quite enlightening. She is also a contributor to a radio show called the Womens Perspective. Not to mention, she is also a famous blogger for The Huffington Post. To emphasize, she is a well-known woman that has done an excessive amount of work. Nonetheless, she has a variety of enthusiastic people that she has on her side. There are politicians, thought leaders, artists and a handful of government officials. With this crew, it is difficult to not be able to persuade people you are right. First thing to remember is that the purpose of the article, â€Å"Controversial Hillary Cover of Time Illuminates Sexism in theS how MoreRelatedSexism in the Media2977 Words   |  12 Pagessexism in the media Karen Harper, Oakland LMV What comprises sexism and feminism? Do sexist images in the media have an impact on women and girls? And, what are the broader political issues here? I am hoping that we can reframe the debate around sexism and nudity in the media in a way that makes sense for socialists. We’re all probably aware of sexist representations in the media from newspapers and magazines to the movies, TV and radio. For example, Rolling Stone magazine didn’t used to be a softRead MoreSexism And Its Effects On The Media1612 Words   |  7 PagesSexism in the Media Throughout her career, Beyoncà © has been no stranger to controversy. From covertly sexual lyrics to blatantly sexual music videos, she always seems to make headlines; perhaps none bigger than those surrounding the recent release of the music video for her song â€Å"Formation.† The themes presented in â€Å"Formation† were similar to those displayed in another music video, â€Å"Alright† by Kendrick Lamar. Despite the similarities, the videos were received differently by their audiences. â€Å"Alright†Read MoreSexism And Its Effects On The Media3229 Words   |  13 PagesSexism in the media has been an issue for decades in this country. We grow up learning that women are objects, while men are subjects. This comes through in a number of media outlets including television, movies, advertisements, video games and music. From the way women are treated in movies to what women video game characters wear compared to the men, sexism is all around us. Sexism is defined as â€Å"prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex.† One of theRead MoreSexism in Advertising and General Media Essays898 Words   |  4 Pagesadvertisements rely on shortcuts. These shortcuts usually involve stereotypes. In the media, stereotypes are inevitable because the audience needs to quickly understand information. Stereotypes reduce a wide range of different groups of people into simplistic categories. Stereotypes create realities out of assumptions. Because of this quick method that the media uses to simplify its messages, however, it is assumed that the media relies too heavily on sexist images. What kind of an impact does the constantRead MoreDo Misogyny And Sexism Have On American Media?897 Words   |  4 Pages Some might ask what effect do misogyny and sexism have on American media? Misogyny and mass media have made numerous examples where studies have concluded correlations between misogynous messages, both obvious and subliminal. Messages containing misogynous views have become incorporated into our society, affecting many parts of our lives. Misogyny can be found in many types of media, especially music videos that show Women being shown as just objects that are only good for abuse, sex and for theRead MoreEssay about Sexism in American Culture 1224 Words   |  5 Pagessports car by complaining about what females in their lives require. Though women slowly gain economic power, the media never represents them as leaders thus reflecting American culture’s view of women. Sexism prevails in American culture and workforce, teaching sexism while denying its presence. Americans must shift their culture to impede sexism because it oppresses women. Media, one of the most influential reflections of culture, under represents women and displays them in stereotypical positionsRead MoreObjectification Of Women And Women1462 Words   |  6 Pagesworks with benevolent sexism to further oppress women in the media through its effects on self-esteem and well-being. Rollero’s (2013) article â€Å"Men and women facing objectification: The effects of media models on well-being, self-esteem and ambivalent sexism† examines media representations of men and women and how they are related to levels of sexism and psychological well-being. The literature on objectification has mostly indicated the connection between viewing objectified media representations andRead MoreGender Bias - Mountains On The Playing Field Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesindirect example of sexism in our society. Sexism has changed since the 20th century. We’ve gone from women strictly being classified as housewives to women being discriminated agains t in leadership positions. Much of the discrimination that women face is closely related to issues surrounding body image. What we cannot forget in the year 2014 is who control the ideas that we have about women and leadership: the media. The misrepresentation of women’s power and influence in the media cause many womenRead MoreResearch Study On Video Games Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesBenevolent Sexism B. S. Paul Stermer and Melissa Burkley, Oklahoma State University C. Psychology of Popular Media Culture 2015, Volume 4, No. 1, 47-55 D. This research study sought to determine if choosing to play video games for long periods of time that contained high values of sexist content is associated with projecting sexist attitudes. It was hypothesized that men, rather than women who played video games regularly with high sexist content would be considered higher in benevolent sexism (not hostile)Read MoreIs Sexism Still a Force in Our Culture?1212 Words   |  5 PagesIs Sexism Still a Force in Our Culture? Sexism against women has been prevalent for hundreds of years, despite the fact that there is nothing inherently sexist about human existence, or that of other animals. In fact, there exist a number of animal species that are not sexist, and the sustained prevalence of sexism among humans is a topic that necessitates investigation. This paper examines sexism as it relates to contemporary culture, with particular emphasis paid to whether women have overcome

Sofa Wars Essay Example For Students

Sofa Wars Essay The soft-drink battleground has now turned toward new overseas markets. While once the United States, Australia, Japan, and Western Europe were the dominant soft-drink markets, the growth has slowed down dramatically, but they are still important markets for Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Globalization has become an important word in the 90s and Eastern Europe, Mexico, China, Saudi Arabia, and India have become the new hot spots. Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are forming joint bottling ventures in these nations and in other areas where they see growth potential. As we have seen in the Japanese video dealing with Cokes business in class, international marketing can be very complex. As I begin to examine the international soda wars this will become very evident. The domestic cola war between Coca-Cola and Pepsi is still raging, as we clearly know. However, these two soft-drink giants also recognize the opportunities for globalization in many of the international markets. Both!Coca-Cola, which sold 10 billion cases of soft-drinks in 1992, and Pepsi now find themselves asking, Where will sales of the next 10 billion cases come from? The answer lies overseas, where income levels and appetites for Western products are at an all time high.Often, the company that gets into a foreign market first usually dominates that countrys market. Coke patriarch Robert Woodruff realized this 50 years ago and unleashed a brilliant ploy or in a way a very simple global strategyto make Coke the early bird in many of the major foreign markets. At the height of World War II, Woodruff proclaimed that ?Wherever American boys were fighting, theyd be able to get a By the time Pepsi tried to make its first international pitch in the 50s, Coke had already established its brand name and a powerful distribution network. During the last 40 years, many new markets have emerged. In order to profit from these markets, both Coke and Pepsi need to find ways to cut through all of the red tape that initially prevents them from conducting business in these markets. One key movement for the soda wars occurd in Europe in 1972, Pepsi signed an agreement with the Soviet Union which made it the first Western product to be sold to consumers in Russia. This landmark agreement gave Pepsi the first advantage. Presently, Pepsi has 23 plants in the former Soviet Union and is the leader in the soft-drink industry in Russia. Pepsi outsells Coca-Cola by 6 to 1 and is seen as a local brand, similar to Cokes reputation in Japan. However, Pepsi has also had some problems. There has not been an increase in brand loyalty for Pepsi since its advertising blitz in Russia, even though it has produced commercials tailored to the Russian market and has sponsored television concerts. On the positive side, Pepsi may be leading Coca-Cola due to the big difference in price between the two colas. While Pepsi sells for Rb250 (25 cents) a bottle, Coca-Cola sells for Rb450. For the economy size, Pepsi sells 2 liters for Rb1,300, but Coca-Cola sells 1.5 liters fo!r Rb1,800.Coca -Cola, on the other hand, only moved into Russia 2 years ago and is manufactured locally in Moscow and St. Petersburg under a license. Despite investing $85 million in these two bottling plants, they do not perceive Coca-Cola as a premium brand in the Russian market.Moreover, they see it as a foreign brand in Russia. Lastly, while Coca-Colas bottle and label give it a high-class image, it is unable to capture market share. Another country in the hot battleground for Coca-Cola and Pepsi is Romania. When Pepsi established a bottling plant in Romania in 1965, it became the first US product produced and sold in the region. Pepsi began producing locally during the communist period and has recently decided to reformat its organization structure and retrain its local staff. Pepsi entered into a joint venture with a local firm, Flora and Quadrant, for its Bucharest plant, and has 5 other factories in Romania. Quadrant leases Pepsi the equipment and handles Pepsis distribution. In addition, Pepsi bought 500 Romanian trucks which are also used for distribution in other countries. Moreover, Pepsi produces its bottles locally through an investment in the glass industry. While the price of Pepsi and Coca-Cola are the same (@15 cents/bottle), some consumers drink Pepsi because Pepsi sent Michael Jackson to Romania for a concert. Another reason for drinking Pepsi is that it is slightly sweeter than !Coca-Cola and is more suited for the sweet-toothed Romanians. Lastly, some drink Pepsi because, in the past, only top officials were allowed to drink it, but now everyone can. Coca-Cola only began producing locally in November 1991, but it is outselling all of its competitors. In 1992, Coca-Cola saw an increase in Romania of sales by 99.2% and outsold Pepsi by 6 to 5. While Pepsi preferred to buy its equipment from Romania, Coca-Cola preferred to bring equipment into Romania. Also, Coca-Cola brought 2 bottlers to Romania. One is the Leventis Group, which is privately owned. Coca-Cola has invested almost $25 million into 2 factories. These factories are double the size of the factory Pepsi has in Bucharest. Moreover, Coca-Cola has a partnership with a local company, Ci-Co, in Bucharest and Brasov. Ci-Co has planned an aggressive publicity campaign and has sponsored local sporting and cultural events. Lastly, Romanians drink Coke because it is a powerful western symb!ol which was once forbidden. Finally as far as European markets are concerned there is Poland. Poland with a population of 38 million people, is the biggest consumer market in central and eastern Europe. Coca-Cola is closing in on Pepsis lead in this country with 1992 sales of 19.5 million cases versus Pepsis sales of 26.5 million cases. The main problems in this area are the centralized economy, the lack of modern production facilities, a non-convertible local currency, and poor distribution. However, since the Zloty is now convertible, Coca-Cola realizes the growth potential in Poland. After a company called Fiat, Coca-Cola is now the second biggest investor in Poland.Coca-Cola has developed an investment plan which includes direct investment and joint ventures/investments with European bottling partners. Its investments may exceed $250 million, and it has completed the infrastructure building. Coca-Cola has divided Poland into 8 regions with strategic sites in each of these areas. It has o!rganized a distribu tion, which Coca-Cola has spent a lot of money organizing, extremely important to challenge Pepsis market share and to maintain a high level of customer service. All of this has helped Coca-Cola to close in on Pepsis lead in Poland. BELOVED BY TONI MORRISON (4379 words) EssayNow on to one of the largest economic growing markets in the world, India. Coca-Cola controlled the Indian market until 1977, when the Janata Party beat the Congress Party of then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. To punish Coca-Colas principal bottler, a Congress Party strong and longtime Gandhi supporter, the Janata government demanded that Coca-Cola transfer its syrup formula to an Indian subsidiary (Chakravarty, 43). Coca-Cola refused and withdrew from the country. India, now left without both Coca-Cola and Pepsi, became a protected market. In the meantime, Indias two largest soft-drink producers have gotten rich and lazy while controlling 80% of the Indian market. These domestic producers have little incentive to expand their plants or develop the countrys potentially enormous market (Chakravarty, 43). Some analysts reason that the Indian market may be more lucrative than the Chinese market. India has 850 million potential customers, 150 million of whom comprise t!he middle class, with disposable income to spend on cars, VCRs, and computers. The Indian middle class is growing at 10% per year. To obtain the license for India, Pepsi had to export $5 of locally-made products for every $1 of materials it imported, and it had to agree to help the Indian government to initiate a second agricultural revolution. Pepsi has also had to take on Indian partners. In the end, all parties involved seem to come out ahead: Pepsi gains access to a potentially enormous market; Indian bottlers will get to serve a market that is expanding rapidly because of competition; and the Indian consumer benefits from the competition from abroad and will pay lower prices. Even before the first bottle of Pepsi hit the shelves, local soft drink manufacturers increased the size of their bottles by 25% without raising costs. In conclusion, the new battleground for the soda wars is in the developing markets of Eastern Europe, Mexico, China, Saudi Arabi a, and India. With Coca-Colas and Pepsis investments in these countries, not only will they increase their sales worldwide, but they will also help to build up these economies. These long-term commitments by both companies will raise the level of competition and efficiency, and at the same time, bring value to the distribution and production systems of these countries. Many issues need to be overcome before a company can begin to produce its goods in a foreign country. These issues are of the marcoenvironment (see Appendix, page 2) which include political, social, economic, operational, and environmental topics which must be addressed. When companies like Coca-Cola and Pepsi effectively analyze and solve these problems to everyones liking, new foreign markets can translate into lucrative opportunities in the long run. Currently, it is difficul!t to say who is winning the cola wars since the data from the relatively new market research firms focuses on major cities. Pepsi had a comma nding 4 to 1 lead in 1992 in the former Soviet Union. Without this area, Coca-Cola has a 17% share versus Pepsis 12% share in the soft drink industry. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are in a dogfight, but both will end up as winners as the continue to expand globally, using the basic management skills consisting of: continued effort for total quality, trying to be the most efficient and cost affective, a continued effort to innovate their products, and finally speed, get their product on the shelves first and keep it there. Works CitedA red line in the sand, Economist, October 1, 1994, p. 86. Chakravarty, Subrata N. How Pepsi broke into India, Forbes, November 27, 1989, pp. 43-44. Clifford, Mark. How Coke Excels, Far Eastern Economic Review, December 30, 1993- January 6, 1994, p. 39. Coke v Pepsi, The Economist, January 29, 1994, pp. 67-68. DeNitto, Emily. Pepsi, Coke think international for future growth, Advertising Age, October 3, 1994, p. 44. Murphy, Helen. Cola war erupts in Mexico, Corporate Finance, May 1993, pp. 6-7. Selling in Russia: The march on Moscow, The Economist, March 10, 1995, pp. 65-66. Winters, Patricia and Scott Hume. Pepsi, Coke: Art of deal-making, Advertising Age, February 19, 1990, p. 45.